Albinism in Africa: Understanding the Situation of ‘White People
When we refer to “white people” in this context, we are not talking about individuals from Western countries, but rather people with white skin who come from local African communities. This is due to a well-known disease called albinism, which is caused by a gene dysfunction. According to Wikipedia, albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, and is associated with a number of vision defects, such as photophobia, nystagmus, and amblyopia. Lack of skin pigmentation also makes those with albinism more susceptible to sunburn and skin cancers, as well as deficiencies in the transportation of melanin granules in rare cases such as Chédiak–Higashi syndrome, leading to increased susceptibility to infection.
While albinism cases are rare in the Western world, it is more common in sub-Saharan Africa, likely due to consanguinity. Both parents, whether they are albinos or not, must carry the gene for it to be passed on to the child. Albinism affects both males and females and is not specific to any race or ethnic group. However, very few people in Tanzania have knowledge or education about the medical and genetic causes of this condition, despite the fact that 50% of albinistic people in Tanzania have a known albinistic relative.
People with albinism look very different from their African counterparts, with white skin, hair, and unique eyes, but they still have thick lips. Their eyesight is unstable, and they often wear sunglasses to protect their eyes from the sun, as well as a sunscreen because they are unable to tolerate ultraviolet light. Unfortunately, these items can be costly and unaffordable for many people, especially those living in refugee camps, where malnutrition and poor living conditions further exacerbate their suffering.
Unfortunately, albinistic individuals faced severe discrimination and persecution in the past due to the superstitions prevalent in African societies at that time. Some believed that the body parts of those with albinism possessed supernatural powers and could bring fortune, leading to many brutal killings and people chasing after them. It was an unimaginable situation for them, and some fled their countries seeking protection.
Although conditions have improved in the 21st century, ritual killings of those with albinism still occur in some African countries, such as Tanzania. The BBC reported that the police arrested 65 traditional healers or “witchdoctors” in connection with the ritual killing of at least ten children with albinism. These tragedies are a violation of basic human rights, and discrimination against individuals with albinism persists to some extent.
Thankfully, some doctors and NGOs are working to educate communities about the superstitions and misunderstandings surrounding albinism, while US congressman Gerry Connolly introduced legislation to protect albinos and urge local governments to safeguard their rights. An NGO in Uganda is also providing support to those with albinism through education, skills training, and social interaction.
It is unfortunate that those with albinism face discrimination and marginalization, and they deserve to live normal and peaceful lives. Society should be inclusive enough to provide opportunities for them to thrive and be nurtured. We hope that an inclusive society embracing equality can be achieved soon, one where everyone is treated with respect and dignity. The government has a crucial role to play in protecting its citizens and promoting social harmony. It is imperative that innocent lives are not lost due to ritual killings in this century, and that equality is extended to everyone.
Edit by SOCIAL INNOVATION INSIGHT
